Epistemologi Ilmu Laduni Perspektif Tafsir Isyari

(Kajian Analisis Tafsir Al-Ghazali, Tafsir Al-Jailani dan Tafsir Najmuddin Al-Kubro)

Abstract

This article discusses the misinterpretation of laduni knowledge in society, which often contradicts the teachings of the Qur’an, thereby potentially causing confusion, misguidance, and even polytheism. Using a qualitative method with a philosophical approach and library research to analyze the epistemological construction of esoteric knowledge from the perspective of three prominent Sufi figures: Al-Ghazali, Abdul Qadir Al-Jailani, and Najmuddin al-Kubro. The research findings indicate that all three figures agree that laduni knowledge is a divine gift granted to servants whose hearts and souls have been purified, not instant or magical knowledge. However, they have different methodological emphases. Al-Ghazali emphasizes three stages: seeking knowledge earnestly, riyadhah and muraqabah, and tafakkur. Al-Jailani focuses on three phases of self-purification: takhalli, tahalli, and tajalli. Meanwhile, Najmuddin al-Kubro divides the spiritual journey into three maqam: syariat, tarekat, and hakikat. This article concludes that deviations occur when laduni knowledge is separated from the proper epistemological framework and rigorous spiritual process. To prevent misuse, a comprehensive understanding based on the Qur’an and guidance from competent scholars is necessary. The key formula for attaining laduni knowledge is to cultivate love for Allah through devotion (khidmat) to the spiritual guide (mursyid) and seeking his approval.