Membangun Keadilan Dari Timur dan Barat dalam Bingkai Filsafat: Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Al-Farabi dan John Rawls

Abstract

This study discusses the concept of justice from two major philosophical traditions, namely Islamic philosophy through the thoughts of Al-Farabi and Western philosophy through the thoughts of John Rawls. This study aims to compare and examine how the two figures construct the idea of ​​justice based on their respective philosophical, historical, and cultural contexts. The method used is a qualitative study with a comparative approach and content analysis of Al-Farabi's main works, Al-Madina Al-Fadilah, and A Theory of Justice by John Rawls. The results of the study show that Al-Farabi understands justice as harmony between individuals and society in achieving collective happiness based on reason and sharia, while Rawls defines justice as fairness that emphasizes the principles of freedom and equality through social contracts. Although both are born from different traditions, both view justice as the main foundation of an ideal state life. In conclusion, the synthesis of Al-Farabi and Rawls' thoughts can contribute to the formation of a more holistic paradigm of justice, across cultural and civilizational boundaries.